Source File
	lru.go

Belonging Package
	gorm.io/gorm/internal/lru

package lru

// golang -lru
// https://github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru
import (
	"sync"
	"time"
)

// EvictCallback is used to get a callback when a cache entry is evicted
type EvictCallback[K comparable, V any] func(key K, value V)

// LRU implements a thread-safe LRU with expirable entries.
type LRU[K comparable, V any] struct {
	size      int
	evictList *LruList[K, V]
	items     map[K]*Entry[K, V]
	onEvict   EvictCallback[K, V]

	// expirable options
	mu   sync.Mutex
	ttl  time.Duration
	done chan struct{}

	// buckets for expiration
	buckets []bucket[K, V]
	// uint8 because it's number between 0 and numBuckets
	nextCleanupBucket uint8
}

// bucket is a container for holding entries to be expired
type bucket[K comparable, V any] struct {
	entries     map[K]*Entry[K, V]
	newestEntry time.Time
}

// noEvictionTTL - very long ttl to prevent eviction
const noEvictionTTL = time.Hour * 24 * 365 * 10

// because of uint8 usage for nextCleanupBucket, should not exceed 256.
// casting it as uint8 explicitly requires type conversions in multiple places
const numBuckets = 100

// NewLRU returns a new thread-safe cache with expirable entries.
//
// Size parameter set to 0 makes cache of unlimited size, e.g. turns LRU mechanism off.
//
// Providing 0 TTL turns expiring off.
//
// Delete expired entries every 1/100th of ttl value. Goroutine which deletes expired entries runs indefinitely.
func NewLRU[K comparable, V any](size int, onEvict EvictCallback[K, V], ttl time.Duration) *LRU[K, V] {
	if size < 0 {
		size = 0
	}
	if ttl <= 0 {
		ttl = noEvictionTTL
	}

	res := LRU[K, V]{
		ttl:       ttl,
		size:      size,
		evictList: NewList[K, V](),
		items:     make(map[K]*Entry[K, V]),
		onEvict:   onEvict,
		done:      make(chan struct{}),
	}

	// initialize the buckets
	res.buckets = make([]bucket[K, V], numBuckets)
	for i := 0; i < numBuckets; i++ {
		res.buckets[i] = bucket[K, V]{entries: make(map[K]*Entry[K, V])}
	}

	// enable deleteExpired() running in separate goroutine for cache with non-zero TTL
	//
	// Important: done channel is never closed, so deleteExpired() goroutine will never exit,
	// it's decided to add functionality to close it in the version later than v2.
	if res.ttl != noEvictionTTL {
		go func(done <-chan struct{}) {
			ticker := time.NewTicker(res.ttl / numBuckets)
			defer ticker.Stop()
			for {
				select {
				case <-done:
					return
				case <-ticker.C:
					res.deleteExpired()
				}
			}
		}(res.done)
	}
	return &res
}

// Purge clears the cache completely.
// onEvict is called for each evicted key.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Purge() {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	for k, v := range c.items {
		if c.onEvict != nil {
			c.onEvict(k, v.Value)
		}
		delete(c.items, k)
	}
	for _, b := range c.buckets {
		for _, ent := range b.entries {
			delete(b.entries, ent.Key)
		}
	}
	c.evictList.Init()
}

// Add adds a value to the cache. Returns true if an eviction occurred.
// Returns false if there was no eviction: the item was already in the cache,
// or the size was not exceeded.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Add(key K, value V) (evicted bool) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	now := time.Now()

	// Check for existing item
	if ent, ok := c.items[key]; ok {
		c.evictList.MoveToFront(ent)
		c.removeFromBucket(ent) // remove the entry from its current bucket as expiresAt is renewed
		ent.Value = value
		ent.ExpiresAt = now.Add(c.ttl)
		c.addToBucket(ent)
		return false
	}

	// Add new item
	ent := c.evictList.PushFrontExpirable(key, value, now.Add(c.ttl))
	c.items[key] = ent
	c.addToBucket(ent) // adds the entry to the appropriate bucket and sets entry.expireBucket

	evict := c.size > 0 && c.evictList.Length() > c.size
	// Verify size not exceeded
	if evict {
		c.removeOldest()
	}
	return evict
}

// Get looks up a key's value from the cache.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Get(key K) (value V, ok bool) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	var ent *Entry[K, V]
	if ent, ok = c.items[key]; ok {
		// Expired item check
		if time.Now().After(ent.ExpiresAt) {
			return value, false
		}
		c.evictList.MoveToFront(ent)
		return ent.Value, true
	}
	return
}

// Contains checks if a key is in the cache, without updating the recent-ness
// or deleting it for being stale.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Contains(key K) (ok bool) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	_, ok = c.items[key]
	return ok
}

// Peek returns the key value (or undefined if not found) without updating
// the "recently used"-ness of the key.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Peek(key K) (value V, ok bool) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	var ent *Entry[K, V]
	if ent, ok = c.items[key]; ok {
		// Expired item check
		if time.Now().After(ent.ExpiresAt) {
			return value, false
		}
		return ent.Value, true
	}
	return
}

// Remove removes the provided key from the cache, returning if the
// key was contained.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Remove(key K) bool {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if ent, ok := c.items[key]; ok {
		c.removeElement(ent)
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// RemoveOldest removes the oldest item from the cache.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) RemoveOldest() (key K, value V, ok bool) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if ent := c.evictList.Back(); ent != nil {
		c.removeElement(ent)
		return ent.Key, ent.Value, true
	}
	return
}

// GetOldest returns the oldest entry
func (c *LRU[K, V]) GetOldest() (key K, value V, ok bool) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if ent := c.evictList.Back(); ent != nil {
		return ent.Key, ent.Value, true
	}
	return
}

func (c *LRU[K, V]) KeyValues() map[K]V {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	maps := make(map[K]V)
	now := time.Now()
	for ent := c.evictList.Back(); ent != nil; ent = ent.PrevEntry() {
		if now.After(ent.ExpiresAt) {
			continue
		}
		maps[ent.Key] = ent.Value
		// keys = append(keys, ent.Key)
	}
	return maps
}

// Keys returns a slice of the keys in the cache, from oldest to newest.
// Expired entries are filtered out.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Keys() []K {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	keys := make([]K, 0, len(c.items))
	now := time.Now()
	for ent := c.evictList.Back(); ent != nil; ent = ent.PrevEntry() {
		if now.After(ent.ExpiresAt) {
			continue
		}
		keys = append(keys, ent.Key)
	}
	return keys
}

// Values returns a slice of the values in the cache, from oldest to newest.
// Expired entries are filtered out.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Values() []V {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	values := make([]V, 0, len(c.items))
	now := time.Now()
	for ent := c.evictList.Back(); ent != nil; ent = ent.PrevEntry() {
		if now.After(ent.ExpiresAt) {
			continue
		}
		values = append(values, ent.Value)
	}
	return values
}

// Len returns the number of items in the cache.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Len() int {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	return c.evictList.Length()
}

// Resize changes the cache size. Size of 0 means unlimited.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Resize(size int) (evicted int) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if size <= 0 {
		c.size = 0
		return 0
	}
	diff := c.evictList.Length() - size
	if diff < 0 {
		diff = 0
	}
	for i := 0; i < diff; i++ {
		c.removeOldest()
	}
	c.size = size
	return diff
}

// Close destroys cleanup goroutine. To clean up the cache, run Purge() before Close().
// func (c *LRU[K, V]) Close() {
//	c.mu.Lock()
//	defer c.mu.Unlock()
//	select {
//	case <-c.done:
//		return
//	default:
//	}
//	close(c.done)
// }

// removeOldest removes the oldest item from the cache. Has to be called with lock!
func (c *LRU[K, V]) removeOldest() {
	if ent := c.evictList.Back(); ent != nil {
		c.removeElement(ent)
	}
}

// removeElement is used to remove a given list element from the cache. Has to be called with lock!
func (c *LRU[K, V]) removeElement(e *Entry[K, V]) {
	c.evictList.Remove(e)
	delete(c.items, e.Key)
	c.removeFromBucket(e)
	if c.onEvict != nil {
		c.onEvict(e.Key, e.Value)
	}
}

// deleteExpired deletes expired records from the oldest bucket, waiting for the newest entry
// in it to expire first.
func (c *LRU[K, V]) deleteExpired() {
	c.mu.Lock()
	bucketIdx := c.nextCleanupBucket
	timeToExpire := time.Until(c.buckets[bucketIdx].newestEntry)
	// wait for newest entry to expire before cleanup without holding lock
	if timeToExpire > 0 {
		c.mu.Unlock()
		time.Sleep(timeToExpire)
		c.mu.Lock()
	}
	for _, ent := range c.buckets[bucketIdx].entries {
		c.removeElement(ent)
	}
	c.nextCleanupBucket = (c.nextCleanupBucket + 1) % numBuckets
	c.mu.Unlock()
}

// addToBucket adds entry to expire bucket so that it will be cleaned up when the time comes. Has to be called with lock!
func (c *LRU[K, V]) addToBucket(e *Entry[K, V]) {
	bucketID := (numBuckets + c.nextCleanupBucket - 1) % numBuckets
	e.ExpireBucket = bucketID
	c.buckets[bucketID].entries[e.Key] = e
	if c.buckets[bucketID].newestEntry.Before(e.ExpiresAt) {
		c.buckets[bucketID].newestEntry = e.ExpiresAt
	}
}

// removeFromBucket removes the entry from its corresponding bucket. Has to be called with lock!
func (c *LRU[K, V]) removeFromBucket(e *Entry[K, V]) {
	delete(c.buckets[e.ExpireBucket].entries, e.Key)
}

// Cap returns the capacity of the cache
func (c *LRU[K, V]) Cap() int {
	return c.size
}

// Entry is an LRU Entry
type Entry[K comparable, V any] struct {
	// Next and previous pointers in the doubly-linked list of elements.
	// To simplify the implementation, internally a list l is implemented
	// as a ring, such that &l.root is both the next element of the last
	// list element (l.Back()) and the previous element of the first list
	// element (l.Front()).
	next, prev *Entry[K, V]

	// The list to which this element belongs.
	list *LruList[K, V]

	// The LRU Key of this element.
	Key K

	// The Value stored with this element.
	Value V

	// The time this element would be cleaned up, optional
	ExpiresAt time.Time

	// The expiry bucket item was put in, optional
	ExpireBucket uint8
}

// PrevEntry returns the previous list element or nil.
func (e *Entry[K, V]) PrevEntry() *Entry[K, V] {
	if p := e.prev; e.list != nil && p != &e.list.root {
		return p
	}
	return nil
}

// LruList represents a doubly linked list.
// The zero Value for LruList is an empty list ready to use.
type LruList[K comparable, V any] struct {
	root Entry[K, V] // sentinel list element, only &root, root.prev, and root.next are used
	len  int         // current list Length excluding (this) sentinel element
}

// Init initializes or clears list l.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) Init() *LruList[K, V] {
	l.root.next = &l.root
	l.root.prev = &l.root
	l.len = 0
	return l
}

// NewList returns an initialized list.
func NewList[K comparable, V any]() *LruList[K, V] { return new(LruList[K, V]).Init() }

// Length returns the number of elements of list l.
// The complexity is O(1).
func (l *LruList[K, V]) Length() int { return l.len }

// Back returns the last element of list l or nil if the list is empty.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) Back() *Entry[K, V] {
	if l.len == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return l.root.prev
}

// lazyInit lazily initializes a zero List Value.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) lazyInit() {
	if l.root.next == nil {
		l.Init()
	}
}

// insert inserts e after at, increments l.len, and returns e.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) insert(e, at *Entry[K, V]) *Entry[K, V] {
	e.prev = at
	e.next = at.next
	e.prev.next = e
	e.next.prev = e
	e.list = l
	l.len++
	return e
}

// insertValue is a convenience wrapper for insert(&Entry{Value: v, ExpiresAt: ExpiresAt}, at).
func (l *LruList[K, V]) insertValue(k K, v V, expiresAt time.Time, at *Entry[K, V]) *Entry[K, V] {
	return l.insert(&Entry[K, V]{Value: v, Key: k, ExpiresAt: expiresAt}, at)
}

// Remove removes e from its list, decrements l.len
func (l *LruList[K, V]) Remove(e *Entry[K, V]) V {
	e.prev.next = e.next
	e.next.prev = e.prev
	e.next = nil // avoid memory leaks
	e.prev = nil // avoid memory leaks
	e.list = nil
	l.len--

	return e.Value
}

// move moves e to next to at.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) move(e, at *Entry[K, V]) {
	if e == at {
		return
	}
	e.prev.next = e.next
	e.next.prev = e.prev

	e.prev = at
	e.next = at.next
	e.prev.next = e
	e.next.prev = e
}

// PushFront inserts a new element e with value v at the front of list l and returns e.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) PushFront(k K, v V) *Entry[K, V] {
	l.lazyInit()
	return l.insertValue(k, v, time.Time{}, &l.root)
}

// PushFrontExpirable inserts a new expirable element e with Value v at the front of list l and returns e.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) PushFrontExpirable(k K, v V, expiresAt time.Time) *Entry[K, V] {
	l.lazyInit()
	return l.insertValue(k, v, expiresAt, &l.root)
}

// MoveToFront moves element e to the front of list l.
// If e is not an element of l, the list is not modified.
// The element must not be nil.
func (l *LruList[K, V]) MoveToFront(e *Entry[K, V]) {
	if e.list != l || l.root.next == e {
		return
	}
	// see comment in List.Remove about initialization of l
	l.move(e, &l.root)
}

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